Ernest Rutherford and the birth of modern physics by Matthew Wright

Much has been written about Ernest Rutherford whose work in the field of particle physics and the relationship between matter, electricity and the forces involved, resulted in two Nobel prizes. In this very readable book Matthew Wright looks at his achievements through the lens of Rutherford’s personality, his New Zealand background and the international cohort of scientists working in the field with whom he worked and corresponded. Incremental observations were shared, ideas bounced off one another whilst at the same time competition was fierce to publish first and claim the next advance. Wright outlines the path taken by Western scientists building on Newton’s classical physics, questioning, testing and observing, harnessing new materials and techniques to peer deeper into the unknown.

Born near Nelson N.Z. in 1871, Ernest was one of twelve children. Originally home schooled by his mother, a teacher, he exhibited a flair for mathematics and a Physics textbook he was given at age ten engaged his interest in experimentation, something he was able to try out in his father’s milling businesses. The family valued education but was not wealthy and after a series of hard-won scholarships and some good teachers Rutherford entered Canterbury University in 1890 where his exploration of the effects of alternating current electricity on metal, inventing devices to measure and record observations shaped the way he approached physics. As Ernest reached the limits of academic progress in New Zealand a scholarship became available to study in Britain for students from the colonies. He was second choice for the only entry for New Zealand but in a sliding door moment he gained the award when the winner declined it. The author follows Rutherford’s career starting in Cambridge exploring the relationship between electricity and matter and at each step the succinct explanations keep the reader engaged, with specific examples and summaries. Occasional explanatory pages outline some of the key concepts and there are photographs, many sourced from NZ archives, while notes, glossary and bibliography invite further study. My physicist brother read and enjoyed the book saying it made him want to revisit his old textbooks while I found myself almost understanding concepts quite beyond me and wanting to read more by this author. Senior students should be encouraged to read how a research imagination, creatively asking many questions then rigorously exploring all lines of enquiry without prior knowledge of what is important can lead to scientific breakthroughs. To follow on from Rutherford from an antipodean perspective try Wizards of Oz by Brett Mason exploring the work of Oliphant and Florey.

Themes: Physics, Science history.

Sue Speck